PCH 5 Motherboards, Expansion Buses, and Processors (主板，擴展總線和處理器)(P.42~47) <<
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Motherboards and Components 主板和組件 (P.43)
Learning objective 學習目標
• Identify motherboard components and describe their basic functions.
識別主板組件並描述其基本功能。
In this lesson, we will cover the purpose and function of the motherboard. We will also cover central processing units (CPUs) and the various technologies that exist to provide specialized functionality for CPUs, such as virtualization, hyperthreading, and multicore processors. Finally, we will cover the various methods of CPU cooling available, such as active and passive heat sinks, as well as liquid cooling.
在本課程中，我們將介紹主板的用途和功能。 我們還將介紹中央處理器（CPU）和為CPU提供專門功能的各種技術，例如虛擬化，超線程和多核處理器。 最後，我們將介紹可用的各種CPU冷卻方法，例如主動和被動散熱器以及液體冷卻。
Motherboards are the foundation of the computer. The motherboard acts like a city block and the bus is like the streets. The components are like the buildings in the city, so that if you want to go from one building to another (or in our case if we want information to flow from one component to another), it has to travel across the bus (the streets). The bus is what physically connects the various components of the motherboard to each other, allowing information to flow into and out of the various computer components. Motherboards come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and layouts; the specific shape, size, and layout of a motherboard is called its form factor. The motherboard is one of the most important computer components, since every other component plugs into the motherboard, either into a dedicated socket (such as the CPU), an expansion slot (used for various expansion cards), or a connector (such as SATA storage devices and audio inputs/outputs). The motherboard truly is the central meeting point for all the components in the computer.
主板是計算機的基礎。主板就像一個街區，公交車就像街道。這些組件就像城市中的建築物，因此，如果您要從一棟建築物轉到另一棟建築物（或者在我們的情況下，如果我們希望信息從一個組件流向另一組件），則它必須穿越公交車（街道） ）。總線是物理上將主板的各個組件彼此連接的總線，允許信息流入和流出各個計算機組件。主板有各種形狀，大小和佈局。主板的特定形狀，大小和佈局稱為其外形尺寸。主板是最重要的計算機組件之一，因為所有其他組件都可以插入主板，無論是插入專用插槽（例如CPU），擴展槽（用於各種擴展卡）還是連接器（例如SATA）存儲設備和音頻輸入/輸出）。主板確實是計算機中所有組件的主要集合點。
Motherboard. 母板。
Before we begin talking about the motherboard itself, we want to have a basic understanding of the various components that can connect to the motherboard. We will go into detail on each of these components in future lessons, but let’s take a look at some of the key components on a motherboard.
在開始討論主板本身之前，我們希望對可以連接到主板的各種組件有基本的了解。 在以後的課程中，我們將詳細介紹這些組件中的每一個，但讓我們看一下主板上的一些關鍵組件。
Diagram of a motherboard. 主板圖。
Look at the figure above of a motherboard, with specific components identified. Let’s examine each component more closely
查看上面的主板圖，其中標識了特定的組件。 讓我們更仔細地檢查每個組件
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Component Name
組件名稱
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Function
功能
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PCI expansion slots
PCI擴充插槽
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These allow us to add capabilities to our computers, such as extra USB ports, a new sound card, a modem or network card, and many others. This is a universal card slot that all manufacturers can use when building their cards using a common specification.
這些使我們能夠為計算機添加功能，例如額外的USB端口，新的聲卡，調製解調器或網卡等。 這是一個通用卡插槽，所有製造商都可以在使用通用規範構建卡時使用。
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PCIe x1 (PCI express size 1) slot
PCIe x1（PCI Express大小1）插槽
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This particular motherboard has three of these slots, but this varies from board to board based on its particular form factor. These are the newer slots that are much faster than the older PCI slot. PCIe stands for PCI express, and the x1 indicates that there is one dedicated serial data connection (lane). PCIe comes in a variety of sizes, such as x1, x4, x8, and x16.
該特定的主板具有其中三個插槽，但是根據其特定的形狀因板而異。 這些是較新的插槽，比舊的PCI插槽快得多。 PCIe代表PCI Express，x1表示存在一個專用的串行數據連接（通道）。 PCIe具有多種尺寸，例如x1，x4，x8和x16。
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PCIe x16 (PCI express size 16) slot
PCIe x16（PCI Express尺寸16）插槽
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These are newer slots that are much faster than the older PCI slot. PCIe stands for PCI express, and the x16 indicates that there are 16 serial lanes. PCIe comes in a variety of sizes, such as x1, x4, x8, and x16.
這些是較新的插槽，比舊的PCI插槽快得多。 PCIe代表PCI Express，x16表示有16個串行通道。 PCIe具有多種尺寸，例如x1，x4，x8和x16。
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Rear input/output cluster
後置輸入/輸出集群
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Each motherboard can offer dedicated, integrated features, such as network cards, sound card, video cards, and a variety of input/output ports all “clustered” together on the board. These components cannot be changed out since they are soldered to the motherboard.
每個主板都可以提供專用的集成功能，例如網卡，聲卡，視頻卡以及各種輸入/輸出端口，這些功能都“聚集”在板上。 這些組件已焊接到主板上，因此無法更改。
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CPU socket
CPU插槽
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The CPU socket is where the central processing unit (the brains of the computer) is inserted.
CPU插槽是插入中央處理器（計算機的大腦）的位置。
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Memory slots
內存插槽
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These slots are where extra random access memory (RAM) is inserted to provide capacity to the computer.
這些插槽是在其中插入額外的隨機存取存儲器（RAM）以便為計算機提供容量的位置。
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24-pin main power connector
24針主電源連接器
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This 24-pin main power connector is what powers the entire motherboard.
這個24針主電源連接器為整個主板供電。
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PCH 5 Motherboards, Expansion Buses, and Processors (主板，擴展總線和處理器)(P.42~47) <<
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